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How exactly do 'fossils' create 'fuel'?
By Jerome R. Corsi
© 2009 WorldNetDaily.com

17 Nov 05 – (Excerpts) “Let's examine closely the alleged chemical processes by which decaying plants and dinosaurs are supposed to decay into "fossil fuel."

“Richard Heinberg, one of the core faculty of New College of California … tells us that "the assertion that all oil is abiotic requires extra-ordinary support, because it must overcome abundant evidence" that ties "specific oil accumulations to specific biological origins through a chain of well-understood processes that have been demonstrated, in principle, under laboratory conditions."

Where is the formula?

So, if what Heinberg asserts is true, we should have no problem discovering the precise laboratory-proven formula under which ancient plant and animal life decay into hydrocarbon fuel.

“Seppo Korpela, of the Ohio State University Department of Mechanical Engineering, …argues that fossil fuels form when "the early sedimentary layers" at the bottom of a basin are deprived of oxygen such that the organic matter in them did not decay, "as it does in the common setting of kitchen compost." Then, " anaerobic bacteria" can "go to work and turn the organic material into the substance kerogen. Kerogen can be thought of as immature oil."

"When kerogen is found at depths of between 6,000 and 13,000 feet, and when the temperature and pressure are "right," the kerogen "in the source rock will be cracked into oil.*

“We have yet to find a chemistry textbook that refers to "kerogen" or describes any combination of ancient algae, tiny Mesozoic sea animals, or dinosaurs as necessary or sufficient ingredients in the formation of common saturated hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, propane or butane.

Methane is found on other planets

"Methane is also commonly found on planets such as Saturn (and its moon Titan) where science has never recorded the presence of living plants or animals.

“The transformation from "kerogen" to "fossil fuels" appears to be more a matter of faith, rather than an observed process that can be described in a precise chemical formula such that we can replicate in a laboratory the process by which the compound is produced.

 

"Nobody has yet synthesized crude oil or coal
in the lab from a beaker of algae or ferns."

“Astronomer Thomas Gold, stated the point succinctly on page 85 of his 1998 book, "The Deep Hot Biosphere: The Myth of Fossil Fuels." "Nobody has yet synthesized crude oil or coal in the lab from a beaker of algae or ferns."

“In sharp contrast, methane has been synthetically produced in a rigorous laboratory setting with a full specification of the chemical formulae involved in the combination of iron oxide, calcium carbonate, and water to produce methane at pressure conditions of the Earth's upper mantle. The scientists conducting the experiment concluded:

"The observation of methane formation at mantle pressures is significant because it demonstrates the existence of abiogenic pathways for the formation of hydrocarbons in the Earth's interior and suggests that the hydrocarbon budget of the bulk Earth may be larger than conventionally assumed.

No evidence of organic processes on Mars

“Scientists have also recently analyzed spectrographic data validating the formation of methane on Mars by fluid-rock interaction in the crust, with no evidence of biologic or organic processes involved.

“Scientists proposing the abiotic theory of oil have argued that the "Fossil-Fuel" theory fundamentally violates the second law of thermodynamics, a principle which specifies that energy disperses when permitted, such that the energy flow never reverses. For example, consider that when you release the neck of a balloon the air escapes; the air never naturally rushes to concentrate into a balloon without being forced to do so.

“Thomas Gold stated the principle on page 46 of his 1998 book:

       It would be surprising indeed if the Earth had obtained its
       hydrocarbons only from a source that biology had taken
       from another carbon-bearing gas – carbon dioxide – which
       would have been collected from the atmosphere by photo-
       synthesizing organisms for manufacture into carbohydrates
       and then somehow reworked by geology into hydrocarbons.

“In other words, the "fossil fuel" from ancient flora or protoplasm would demand that somehow the air went back into the balloon, a reverse flow-of-energy direction contrary to the second law of thermodynamics. In other words, dead dinosaurs and ancient forests follow naturally the law of entropy, "dust into dust," not the re-energized "fossil fuel" notion of "dust into oil." We still lack the laboratory demonstrations authors such as Richard Heinberg claimed we would find.

Has anyone ever taken a flask of downed flora
or dead protoplasm and produced a hydrocarbon
fuel out of the mixture?

Has anyone ever taken a flask of downed flora or dead protoplasm and produced a hydrocarbon fuel out of the mixture, or is this a process for alchemy?”

         * “Kerogen is a loose, geological term deriving from the
            ancient Greek word keros, meaning wax.

            The term "anaerobic" refers to a process occurring in
            the absence of oxygen.

See entire article:
http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=47448

Jerome R. Corsi is a staff reporter for WND. He received a Ph.D. from Harvard University in political science in 1972 and has written many books and articles, including his best-sellers "The Obama Nation" and "The Late Great USA." Other books include "Showdown with Nuclear Iran," "Black Gold Stranglehold: The Myth of Scarcity and the Politics of Oil," which he co-authored with WND columnist Craig. R. Smith, and "Atomic Iran."

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